Publications

Abstract – The present research paper has made an attempt to study the role of NSS units of higher educational institutions and their different activities to make the students socially responsible in a rural area of Assam. A survey of different NSS Unit’s activities of the provincialized colleges and a total of 20 volunteers each from four sampled Provincialized Colleges were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. From the study, it has been observed that NSS playing a significant role for not only the social and but also the personality development of the students’ community. After joining the NSS activities, the volunteers have been more conscious about Health & Hygiene care etc.

Keyword: Higher Educational Institutions, National Service Scheme, Social Responsibility

[Cite as: Das, D. K. (2020). Higher Education and Social Responsibility: A Case Study on the Role of National Service Scheme (NSS) in Higher Educational Institutions in Rural Areas of Assam, India. Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 3, Pages 1-6.]

Abstract – In Tanzania literature explores that fiscal policies have not been adequately implemented to achieve the desired monetary financial goals at the time the country has very limited financial resources to support its economic development. Despite fiscal policy’s fragility regarding implementation the contribution of fiscal policies to resource allocation have never been investigated in Tanzania. The contemporary study is aiming to evaluate the contribution of fiscal policies on resource allocation during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. To undertake the study objective, the simple regression model was applied to assess the contribution of fiscal policy to the resource allocation during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. The study employed the time series data from the World Bank during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. On evaluation of the contribution of fiscal policy to the resource allocation the study assumes fiscal policy to be the independent variable and resource allocation to be dependent variables of the study. The findings of the study were in fact interesting. The findings of the study revealed that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the fiscal policy and the resource allocation during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. That means the fiscal policy had a meaningful contribution to the resource allocations during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania.

Keywords: Tanzania, fiscal policy, resource allocation

[Cite as: Sansa, N. A. (2020). The Contribution of Fiscal Policy to Resource Allocation in Tanzania. Diverse Journal of Business and Economic Growth, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Pages 18-22.]

Abstract – Literature revealed that the Tanzania intergovernmental transfer system has not put in place the fiscal equalisation mechanism to offset the revenue tax collection and public expenditures differences to its sub government local authorities while serving the public. However, the influence of fiscal policy to the fiscal equalisation has never been addressed in Tanzania. This study is focusing on assessing the influence of fiscal policy to the fiscal equalisation during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. To accomplish the study’s objective, the study used the simple linear regression model to assess the influence of fiscal policy to the fiscal equalisation during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. The study employed the Time series data during the period 2009 to 2018 from the World Bank. During the process of assessing the influence of the fiscal policy to the fiscal equalisation in Tanzania, the study assumed fiscal policy to be the independent variable while revenue and expenditure to be the dependent variables of the study. The findings of the study were in actual fact interesting. The study findings revealed that there is a negative and insignificant relationship between fiscal policy and all dependent study’s variables (revenue and expenditures) during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. That means the fiscal policy does not have influence on the fiscal equalisation during the period 2009 to 2019 in Tanzania.

Keywords: Tanzania, fiscal policy, fiscal equalisation

[Cite as: Sansa, N. A. (2020). Assessment of the Influence of Fiscal Policy to Fiscal Equalisation in Tanzania. Diverse Journal of Business and Economic Growth, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Pages 12-17.]

Abstract – Currently Tanzania public debt is rapidly growing to the extent the country is using 40% of domestic revenue collected to service the public debt at a time more funds are required to facilitate necessary government budget and developments projects towards accomplishing the priority industrialisation agenda for sustainable economic development in Tanzania. Despite that fact, no studies have been done to analyse the capability of the government revenue on managing the public debt in Tanzania. The present study’s objective is to analyse the Government revenue capability on managing the public debt during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. From that regard the study applied the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) Method to analyse the capability of the government revenue on managing the public debt during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. The study applied the time series data during the period 2009 to 2018 from the World Bank to accomplish the study’s objective. To investigate the capability of the government revenue on managing the public debt, the study computed the average annual percentage marginal change of the government public debt and the government revenue during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. The study findings revealed that the public debt annual average marginal change is positive and its trend continuously changes in a double digit form while the government revenue is positive and the annual average marginal change trend is continuously in a single digit form throughout the study period from 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. Since the average percentage annual marginal change trend of the public debt is in double digit form while the government revenue changes trend is in a single digit form, that means the government revenue was incapable to manage the public debt during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania.

Keywords: Tanzania, government revenue, public debt

[Cite as: Sansa, N. A. (2020). Analysis of Tanzania Government Revenue Capability on Managing Public Debt: Ordinary Least Square Evidence. Diverse Journal of Business and Economic Growth, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Pages 6-11.]

Abstract – The fundamental role of the fiscal policy is to govern and pilot the public spending of the particular government. However, with the recent rapidly growing of the Tanzania public debt no studies have been undertaken to investigate the contribution of fiscal policies on governing the public debt in Tanzania. From that reference the study’s objective is to investigate the contribution of the fiscal policy on governing the public debt during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. To accomplish the study’s goal, the researcher used a linear regression model to evaluate the contribution of fiscal policy on governing the public debt during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. Time series data for fiscal policy and public debt from the World Bank and Bank of Tanzania Annual Report during the period 2009 to 2018 for Tanzania were used for the study. In the process of evaluating the contribution of the fiscal policy, the study assumed the fiscal policy to be the independent variable while the public debt to be the dependent variable of the study. The study findings showed that there is a negative and insignificant relationship between the fiscal policy and the public debt during the period 2009 to 2018 in Tanzania. The meaning is, the fiscal policy did not have a contribution on governing the public debt in Tanzania.

Keywords: Tanzania, fiscal policy, public debt

[Cite as: Sansa, N. A. (2020). The Contribution of Fiscal Policy on Governing the Public Debt in Tanzania. Diverse Journal of Business and Economic Growth, Vol. 1, Issue 1, Pages 1-5.]

Abstract – The Niger Delta conflict has continued to attract the attention of scholars, policymakers,and non-governmental organisations because of the abject poverty of the oil-bearing communities and the impact of the conflict on the global oil price. The efforts by both the Nigerian government and friendly countries, especially those that their oil companies are operating in the region to assist the country in its efforts to address the country has yielded no fruits. Several causes have been identified as responsible for the conflict and different theories have also been used to analyse the conflict but none has provided a thorough understanding of the conflict. However, there is a paucity of studies that have applied Azar’s protracted social conflict theory to the analysis of the Niger Delta conflict and this study fills this lacuna and contributes to the understanding of the Niger Delta conflict. It examines the relevance of the Azar’s theory to the understanding of the Niger Delta conflict and relies on secondary sources of data. The paper argues that the theory is multi-disciplinary in approach and also encompassing, as it contains elements of other theories that have been used to analyse the Niger Delta. However, the theory suffers from several limitations which limit its application to the Niger Delta conflict.

Keywords: Nigeria, Niger-Delta, Protracted Conflict, Azar’s Protracted Social Conflict

[Cite as: Adeosun, A. B. (2020). The Nigeria’s Niger-Delta Protracted Conflict: How Relevant is Azar’s Protracted Social Conflict Theory to the Analysis of the Conflict? Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 3, Pages 13-22.]

Abstract – Agitation for self-determination is as old as the Nigerian State. On a large scale, it has led to a civil war, and subsequently, a pocket of ethnic insurgencies across all regions of the federation. The Federal Government strategy has often been oscillating between wielding the stick of force through military engagement in combating the often militant agitators and pacifying them at other time with a round-table carrot via monetary inducement, contract awards or superficial bogus amnesty package. These strategies have always served an interim purpose because the gamut of trigger-root causes for further agitation has not been fundamentally addressed. Even series of National Conferences organized by successive administrations were often necessitated by political exigency with a Nigeria’s-Unity-not-Negotiable caveat for the handpicked conferees. This essay seeks to interrogate those artificial and natural variables that may have held the country together since independence in 1960 in the face of violent agitations and the prospects, or otherwise, of its continued inseparableness amidst wobbling strategies and seemingly exclusive governance. In this essay, I explore the essence/thesis of self-determination in the current wave of ethnic militancy in Nigeria and argue that political decentralization which has been successful in reducing ethnic conflict and secessionism in some democracies has proved otherwise in democratic countries like Nigeria. Thus, the need for state-organized referendum with a view to giving all aggrieved ethnic groups the opportunity to determine their status within the Nigerian State.

Keywords: Self-Determination, Agitation, Fragile Union, Federation, Stick-and-Carrot

[Cite as: Omilusi, M. (2020). Endless Circle of Self-Determination Rumbling: When the Stick-and-Carrot Strategy Fails, Is Nigeria’s Collective Journey Still Non-Negotiable? Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Pages 45-58.]

Abstract – As dated 23 February, China’s newly recovered corona-virus patients outnumber new infections for 5th consecutive day while 18 new infections on mainland regions outside Hubei with 21 province level regions recording zero new infections. The present study is focusing on evaluating the daily and weekly percentage marginal change for the Covid-19’s Confirmed Cases, Recovered Cases, and the Death Cases from the period dated 20 January 2020 to 23 February 2020 in China. To find the desired results, the study applied the Ordinary Least Square Method (OLS) to assess the daily marginal average percentage change for the Covid-19’s Confirmed Cases, Recovered Cases and the Death Cases from the week dated 20 January 2020 to 23 February 2020 in China. Daily reported time series data from China statistics from 20 January 2020 to 23 February 2020 were used to make the study’s objective accomplished. To evaluate the percentage marginal change for the Covid-19 Confirmed cases, recovered cases, and the death cases, the study calculated the daily and weekly marginal average percentage change for the sub divided weeks that are (20 Jan 2020-26 Jan 2020), (27 Jan 2020 – 2 Feb 2020), (3 Feb 2020 – 9 Feb 2020), (10 Feb 2020 – 16 Feb 2020), and (17 Feb 2020 – 23 Feb 2020). The findings of the study were in actual fact interesting. The study findings revealed that the Covid-19 Confirmed cases and Death cases weekly marginal average percentage change is continuously declining from the week dated 20 January 2020 to 23 February 2020 in China. However, the Covid-19 recovered cases weekly marginal average change is increasing at decreasing rate. Evidence of the   study findings justified the fact that significant China Government efforts and measures to fight the battle of Covid-19 has a positive outcome and meaningful within the period dated 20 Jan 2020 to 23 February 2020 in China.

Keywords: China Government, Covid-19, Ordinary Least Square Method

[Cite as: Sansa, N. A. (2020). Significant China Government Efforts Slow Down the Covid-19: Evidence from the Ordinary Least Square Method. Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Pages 38-44.]

Abstract – Recent literature evidence shows that the Oil Price trends in China is declining since the outbreak of the Covid-19. This study is aiming to investigate the impact of the Covid-19 confirmed cases on petrol prices from the period dated 20 January 2020 to 23 February 2020 in China. With that regard, the present study used the Simple regression linear model to evaluate the impact of the Covid-19 confirmed cases on petrol prices during the period from dated 20 January to 23 February 2020 in China. Time series data from Global Petrol Prices and China daily Statistics from the period dated 20 January to 23 February 2020 for China were used to evaluate the impact of the Covid-19 confirmed cases on petrol prices in China. To investigate the impact of the Covid-19 confirmed cases on petrol prices in China, the study assumes the Covid-19 confirmed cases to be the independent variable while the petrol price to be a dependent variable of the study. The findings of the study were in actual fact catching up the attention. The study findings revealed that there is a negative and insignificant impact of the Covid-19 confirmed cases on petrol prices from the period dated 20 January 2020 to 23 February 2020 in China.

Keywords: China, Covid-19, confirmed cases, petrol prices, impact

[Cite as: Sansa, N. A. (2020). Analysis of the Impact of the Covid-19 to the Petrol Prices in China. Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Pages 33-37.]

Abstract – The study sought to establish the effects of corruption on tax revenues in Zimbabwe. Using the robust Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression methodology, annual time series data ranging from 1998 up to 2018 was used. During the period under review, the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA) missed revenue collection targets on numerous occasions especially due to inefficiencies in revenue collection. Corruption has been identified to be one of main causes leading to inefficient collection of revenue in Zimbabwe. As a result, the variable tax revenue was used as the depended variable whilst the variable corruption was included amongst explanatory variables together with other control variable which are fiscal deficit, inflation and Gross Domestic Product. The results from the empirical findings revealed that an inverse relationship exists between tax revenue and corruption. Stated differently, a rise in the level of corruption in Zimbabwe negatively affects tax revenues. The study concluded by recommending the government of Zimbabwe to reduce corruption through modernisation and simplification of the entire tax system. The study also encouraged the government to impose stiffer penalties to the perpetrators of corruption and to arrest every public official engaging in corrupt activities despite one’s political muscle.

Keywords: corruption, corruption perception index, tax revenue, tax system

[Cite as: Nyabunze, A., and Siavhundu, T. (2020). Effect of Corruption on Tax Revenues in Zimbabwe (1998-2018). Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Pages 18-23.]

Abstract – The digital gaming business has changed in the past years. In the past digital games have been a product. People went into a brick and mortar store or looked into a download portal and bought them. Digital games are no longer just products. They developed into services (Clark, 2014). People play games not only on a stationary device, but on mobile devices, too. According to Mangan, today Freemium is the dominant monetization method in mobile digital gaming (Mangan, 2016). People still struggle to pay for In-App purchases, because In-App purchases are just for virtual good that do not exist in the real world. The presented data in this study is based on a survey from July 2019. This study shows that people have to overcome to do In-App purchases and investigates determinants that drive In-App purchases. People have to overcome themselves and the majority in the presented data already did. This study also shows that the game design itself is a stronger motivator for people to spend money on In-App purchases than social pressure from other players, even though that this is a relevant factor.

Keywords: freemium, digital gaming, survey, overcome, In-App purchase, nudging

Cite as: Lohse, P. C. (2020). How People Overcome To Do In-App Purchases. Diverse Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Pages 1-5.

Abstract – Issues related to stock market efficiency have been part of researchers’ playground particularly in Africa and the world in general. This study had an objective of ascertaining whether or not the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE) follows a random walk. Using monthly data for the ZSE from February 2009 to September 2017, the study employed normality and unit root tests to answer the major research question of whether the ZSE follows a random walk. The Jarque-Bera and the Augmented Dickey Fuller Test, normality test and unit root test respectively, both revealed evidence of micro-inefficiency of the ZSE. The study recommended the establishment of strong institutions aimed at improving information flow and availability to all interested economic agents.

Keywords: ADF, bourse, jarque-bera, micro-efficiency, random walk, stock market, unit root

[Cite as: Siavhundu, T., and Nyabunze, A. (2020). An Econometric Test of the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange’s Micro-Efficiency (2009-2017). Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Pages 7-17.]

Abstract – Green transport system is recognized as one of the solutions to mitigate climate change. There is an enabling policy for a green transport system in Bhutan. The research was conducted in a right time as we are concern of emission from the transport sector that contributes to global warming. By switching urban transport system to green transport, an emission from the transport sector would reduce, thereby reducing global warming potential. Hence, this study analyzed the possibilities of establishing alternate mode of transport to an existing transport system with the emerging threat from climate change. A total of 1100 survey questionnaire was administered to different age groups in Thimphu city. The participants were from ten different sub-area of the study area. The willingness of people to use green transport and its fare were analyzed so that this study will not only inform people of Bhutan about demand of green transport system, but also serve as guidelines to policy makers and bureaucrats.

Keywords: Climate change, Green transport, Thimphu city, Willingness

[Cite as: Nidup, T., and Dorji, Y. (2020). Study on the Need of a Green Transport System in Thimphu City. Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Pages 1-6.]

Abstract – Standard Precautions (SPs) are prevention practices used to lessen the prevalence of infection in any healthcare system. SPs apply to all healthcare units where patients are treated. Nursing staff are more prone to the transfer of infection because they deal more with the patients as compared to other healthcare personnel. A Cross-sectional study was carried out in Peshawar’s three tertiary care hospitals. Overall, 300 nurses were used in the study. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Majority (76%) of the study respondents had knowledge regarding standard precautions. More than half of the respondents reported that standard precautions are only used for infected patients. Around quarter (26%) of nursing staff stated that standard precautions are not necessary for HCV positive patients. More than half (71%) nurses wash their hands after contacting infected patients. The findings of the study revealed that nurses had enough knowledge regarding SPS of infection control. The role of healthcare setups is very important for good practice and improvement of nurse’s knowledge regarding SPs of infection control.

Keywords: infection control, knowledge, nurses, standard precautions

[Cite as: Khattak, I. U., Ghani, S., and Zaman, T. (2020). Knowledge and Practice of Standard Precautions of Infection Control Among Nurses at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Pages 10-15.]

Abstract – Cholera has attracted both global and public health attention due to its mode of transmission and severity. For instance, cholera has become one of the most researched communicable diseases all around the globe. Throughout history, cholera has taken numerous lives and still remains a threat to the world, mainly in African countries. The study was to determine the trend and prone areas of cholera outbreaks and the most affected populations in the Ho Municipality from 2011 to 2015. A retrospective study was used and time series analysis performed using purposive sampling method to review the cholera line list form reported from 2011-2015. Of 100 confirmed cholera cases, 59 (62.6%) were males. The overall case fatality rate was 4.2%. The most affected age group was 31-40 years, 27 (27.0%) and mean age being 35.8 (SD= 19.1) and ranged 1 to 85 years. Most cases occurred in April, May, and September. The results of this study showed that cholera outbreaks occurred in different communities in the Ho Municipality including those outside the municipality. A varied number of cases were recorded over the five-year period, especially in the major and minor seasons.

Keywords: Cholera, outbreaks, cases, line list form, Ho Municipality, Hohoe Municipality

[Cite as: Kogi, R. and Takramah, W. K. (2020). The Trend and Prone Areas of Cholera Outbreaks: A Review of the Cholera Line List Form (2011 – 2015) in Ho Municipality, Ghana. Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 2, Issue 1, Pages 1-9.]

Abstract – The major purpose of the study was to identify the most important guidance needs of junior high school students in the Yendi Municipality of the Northern Region of Ghana. The research sample involved JHS 1, 2 and 3 students; teachers including guidance coordinators. A total of 150 respondents were used in the study, of which the students were made up of 71 males and 54 females; and 25 teachers including eight (8) guidance coordinators. The tool used for the research was questionnaire set for students and teachers. A non-probability sampling method was used in choosing the students and the teachers. The results were presented in the form of frequency tables and descriptive statistics. It was revealed that career needs, employment needs, financial, and spiritual information needs were the most important concern to students than interpersonal relationships, educational information, self-understanding and study habits. The findings also established that lack of qualified guidance coordinators; and lack of funds for guidance and counselling programmes among others were the central causes preventing guidance needs of students to be sufficiently met. It was concluded that career needs, employment needs, financial, and spiritual information needs were the most prioritise needs to students of junior high schools. It was recommended that the government and other stakeholders such as the Ghana Education Service and the Ghana Education Trust Fund should make available the needed resources for guidance and counselling in junior high schools. Further research needs to be carried out at all levels of the academic ladder to properly obtain the guidance needs of pupils and students alike.

Keywords: guidance, guidance needs, junior high school, prevalent

Cite as: Tanko, A. S., Seidu, I., Dawuda, M. H., and Amoro, A. Y. G. (2019). Guidance Needs of Junior High School Students in the Yendi Municipality of the Northern Region of Ghana. Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 1, Issue 2, Pages 1-6, December 2019.

Abstract – The main purpose of this study is to examine how Internet of Things can be used to improve business effectiveness. The study adopted a qualitative approach to improve business effectiveness using Internet of Things with a sample size of 20 web pages. Data was analysed using content analysis. A pre-set code (uses, industry, application, and devices) was used to categorise the data. The findings revealed that the Internet of Things improve business effectiveness in so many ways that are applicable to different industries including: retail and supply chain, agriculture, construction, manufacturing, healthcare, biotechnology, transportation, environmental, hospitality, telecommunication industries among others.

Keywords: business effectiveness, Internet of Things, IoT

Cite as: Abubakari, S. (2019). Improving Business Effectiveness Using Internet of Things. Diverse Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, Vol. 1, Issue 2, Pages 1-5, December 2019.

Abstract – Nurses have the greatest responsibility of assessing critical care patient’s pain, as they are the most proximal in care, they continuously make decisions relating to the patient’s pain intensity, and assess the need for analgesia. It is therefore essential that nurses acquaint themselves with the basic principles and practices of pain assessment. This will ensure that patients especially the critically ill one are relieved of any form of discomfort caused by pain. The overall purpose of the study was to explore nurses’ knowledge and practices on pain assessment of critically ill patients. A convenient non-probability sampling method was used to sample 100 nurse participants from five different wards from the Tamale Teaching Hospital for the study. A self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection. The data was analysed using SPSS Version 20 and the results presented in the form of frequency tables and charts. The study revealed that 60% of the nurses were of the view that the patient provided the most accurate rating of their pain intensity. Majority (87%) of the nurses reported they assess pain among patients who were able to report pain. However, 59% reported that they did not use any pain assessment tools. Sixty percent (64%) seldom used pain assessment tool for patients whilst 23% uses it sometimes. More than half of the participants representing 57% reported that pain assessment scores were not discussed during nurse-to-nurse report with 73% indicating that pain scores and management were discussed during ward rounds. There is a huge gap between the nurses’ knowledge regarding pain assessment in critically ill patients and the practice of pain assessment using standard protocols and tools hence there is a need to design and adopt a standard tool for all hospitals in Ghana.

Keywords: practices, pain assessment, critically ill

Cite as: Imoro, M. A. (2019). Practice of Pain Assessment in Critically Ill Patients among Nurses at the Tamale Teaching Hospital. Diverse Journal of Multidisciplinary Research: Vol. 1, Issue 1, Pages 1-6, October 2019.

Abstract – The users of e-commerce websites are on the increase and so is the number of products and services: the pursuit to meet every customer’s needs web space requirements have had to vary. This research examined the reasons why web space requirements with regards to e-commerce websites are changing. To address this problem, the researcher used a quantitative research method by randomly selecting subjects from website developers, web hosting service providers and e-commerce website operators in Ghana using Google search. Interview was used as an instrument for data collection. The analysis was done using SPSS 20.0 Software and, and the findings presented in tables and charts. The findings from the study revealed that subjects upgraded their web spaces not only as a result of low web spaces, but also to avoid future problems. Subjects who experienced low web space had slow websites and also had their websites suspended. It was recommended that e-commerce websites operators resort to the use of dedicated hosting services as this gives better performance, is more reliable and relatively cheaper compared to cloud hosting in terms of high workloads.

Keywords: web space, web space requirements, e-commerce, website, website developers, web hosting

Cite as: Abubakari, S. (2019). Importance of Changing Web Space Requirements: a Case of E-Commerce. Diverse Journal of Computer and Information Sciences: Vol. 1, Issue 1, Pages 1-5, October 2019.